On May 20, 1971, at the Tahar Haddad club in Tunisia, Foucault gives the last of a series of lectures that began in 1967, about Manet's painting. In this final lecture, Foucault examines Manet's contribution to the subversion of traditional values in painting by commenting on thirteen paintings by the French artist. "Surely Manet did not invent non-representational painting, as everything in his work is representational, but he included in the representation the fundamental material elements of the canvas. He was very close to discovering the image-object, the painting-object. And undoubtedly, this was the fundamental prerequisite for someone to one day be fully liberated from representation and let the surface simply play with its pure and simple properties, its material properties."