Political employment is by definition a field of intersection between economic and social policy due to the dual role of work as a productive factor and as a source of income. However, its specific nature and role depend in each separate period on the central goals and logic it serves. This collective volume includes articles that examine: (a) the nature and function of political employment as economic and social policy, from the post-war period to the present day, (b) the goals, content, and logic of the European Strategy for Employment in relation to ideological, social, and political power correlations at the European level, (c) the peculiarities of Greek political employment from 1997 to the present day and its effectiveness in promoting employment, (d) the relationship between flexibility, which is a key parameter of modern employment policies, and the quality of work, (e) the policy of vocational training, gender equality in employment, and employment policy for people with disabilities in Greece, and (f) the relationship between employment policy and development policy through employment initiatives at the local level in Greece.