The April coup was the last successful military movement to overthrow democracy on European soil. The Greek people and the international community experienced it as a harmful and painful anachronism. This collective work attempts to shed interdisciplinary light on unexplored aspects of the traumatic experience of the coup and the seven-year dictatorship of the colonels, such as the ideological and institutional dimension, the position of the Greek dictatorship in the broader international debate on authoritarian regimes and human rights at that time, the relationship of the dictatorial regime with the international system, as well as the legacy of the dictatorship for post-dictatorial Greece and its long-term impact on Greek society and politics. In any case, the dictatorship marked Greece's post-war course, and a thorough and sober study of it is necessary for our national self-awareness.